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The term at the moment is something ambiguous, since also it is used to talk about a: * Fans to computer science who look for defects, back doors and to improve the security of software, as well as to prevent possible errors in the future (seeing: Holes of security). * Computer science delinquents, or crackers, that is its extended use more, and according to some groups of opinion would be incorrect. The calls crackers (that means breakers) or “Black hat” (black hats) use their knowledge with malicious, antimoral or even illegal aims, like intrusión of networks, illegal access to governmental systems, robbery of information, to distribute to illegal or morally unacceptable material, piracy, manufacture of virus, tools of Crackeo and elements of possible manual terrorism as the distribution of making homemade explosive elements or the classic Chinese torture. The Cracker is distinguished of the Hacker by its moral, social and political values. Within the culture underground of the Hacking, Hacker is all that person with high computer science knowledge independently of the purpose whereupon it uses them. Whereas Cracker is that individual that specializes in jumping the protections anticopy of software, of the name crack to define the programs there that eliminate the restrictions in the versions of demonstration of commercial software.

One says that the term of Hacker arose from the programmers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), that in the 60, to use hacks, were called to themselves hackers, to indicate that they could make better and even more effective programs, or than they made things that nobody had been able to do. Also [ 2 is said ] that the word derives from “hack”, “to hew with an axe” in English, term that was used to describe the form in which the telephone technicians fixed defective boxes, a dry blow. And the person who did that was call to hacker. Hackers is not pirates. Those that robs information are crackers. In this sense, usually one says that the GNU/Linux system has been created and is maintained by hackers. GNU/Linux is the operating system born as a result of the union of GNU and Linux. Kernel (or nucleus) of the system, Linux, was created by hacker Linus Torvalds and gave to the name to this system when mixing its first name with the one of the operating system UNIX. Although this definition is quite artificial since neither Linus Torvalds nor no of the main developers of kernel Linux have talked about to themselves like Hackers. Also the term is associated to hacker to those people who have high knowledge of computer science security, in these cases usually distinguish themselves between “White Hats” (white hats, the good ones) or “Black Hats” (”black hats”, bad or crackers), according to a classification of its actions (according to they are only intrusivas or in addition destructive). Although recently also “Hat Congregation” has appeared the term (”gray hat”) to talk about to those hackers that occasionally they transfer you limit them between a type or another one, or those that vice versa conduct battles that without being morally reprobables can be considered like illegal or.

Hacker is the used neologism to talk about to an expert (it see Gurú) in several or some technical branch related to computer science: programming, networks of computers, operating systems, hardware of red/voz, etc. Usually it is called hackeo and to hackear to own works of hacker. The term “Hacker” extends to the experts related to computer science, also to talk about to any professional who is in the peak of the excellence in his profession, since in the purest description, hacker she is that person who gets passionate the knowledge to him, to discover or to learn new things and to understand the operation of these. Hacker, using the English word, means to amuse with the talent [ cleverness ], to use intelligence to make something difficult. It does not imply to work necessarily single nor with others. It is possible in any project. It does not imply either to do it with computers. He is possible being to hacker of the bicycles. For example, a celebration surprise has the spirit of hack, uses the talent to surprise the homenajeado one, does not stop to bother to him.